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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14S80 

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L<P 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


i 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographlquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  avaiiabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thiM 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  u:ilqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
reproduction,  or  which  may  aignif  icantly  change 
tha  uauai  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


n 


n 


D 


Coloured  covera/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I   Covera  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 

Covera  reatored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  reataurAe  et/ou  pelliculAe 

Cover  title  miaaing/ 

La  titra  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  mapa/ 

Cartea  gAographiquaa  an  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacki/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  uutre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I   Coloured  plataa  and/or  iiluatrations/ 


D 


Pianchea  et/ou  iiiuatrationa  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli*  avac  d'autrea  documanta 

Tight  binding  may  cauae  shadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  raliure  aerrAe  peut  cauaar  da  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
diatortion  la  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  laavet  added  during  reatoration  may 
appear  within  tha  text.  Whenever  poaaibia.  theae 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  aa  peut  que  certainaa  pagea  blancl-  la  ajoutiaa 
lora  d'una  reatauration  apparaiaaant  ^ana  la  taxte, 
mala,  loraqua  cela  Atcit  poaaibia,  caa  pagea  n'ont 
pea  At*  fiimAaa. 

Additional  commanta:/ 
Commantairaa  aupplAmantairaa; 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  meilleur  exempiaira 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Lea  dAtaiia 
de  cet  exempiaira  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniquea  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
T  odification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  de  filmaga 
aont  indiquAa  ci-daaaoua. 


1 
t 


I     I   Coloured  pagea/ 


D 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pagea  damaged/ 
Pagea  andommagAea 

Pages  reatored  and/oi 

Pages  reataurAea  et/ou  peiiiculAe* 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxet 
Pages  dAcolorAes,  tachetAea  ou  piquAas 

Pagea  detached/ 
Pages  dAtachAas 

Showthrough/ 
Tranaparence 

Quality  of  prir 

QualitA  inAgala  de  I'impreaaion 

includes  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  matAriel  supplAmentaira 


r~~|  Pagea  damaged/ 

r~~|  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I — I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~n  Pagea  detached/ 

r~~|  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  wariea/ 

I      I  includes  supplementary  material/ 


T 

P 

o 
f 


C 
b 
tl 

s 
o 
fi 
si 
o 


Tl 
si 
Tl 
w 


di 

bi 

rll 
ra 


r~-\    Only  edition  available/ 


Seule  Adition  diaponible 

Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
alips,  tissuaa,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
enaura  the  beat  poaaibia  image/ 
Lea  pagea  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obacurciaa  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  palure, 
etc.,  ont  AtA  filmAea  A  noMveau  da  fa^on  A 
obtanir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  filmA  au  taux  da  rAduction  indiquA  ci-daaaoua. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

X 

26X 

30X 

7 

12X 

16X 

aox 

MX 

28X 

D 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  b0«n  raproducad  thank* 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagas  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possibia  considaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filnting  contract  spacifications. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmed 
beginning  with  tha  front  cover  end  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaira  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
g«n4rosit«  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Las  images  suivantas  ont  «t«  reproduites  avac  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettet*  de  I'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avoc  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d 'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darnitlre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmAs  A  des  taux  da  reduction  diff«rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciich*.  ii  est  film*  A  partir 
da  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ntcessaira.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthoda. 


1 


6 


TbeF 
central  O 
tho  moun 
between  t 
an  iiiterm 
systems,  1 
the  more ; 
of  tbem,  i 
which  ent 
AcrocheiU 
Orthodon, 
tatives  in 
present  in 
are  but  sli 
their  respi 
CottUH  gul 
distinguis 

The  r 
compare  t 
In  each  of 
is  not  foui 
edly  repre 
hydrograi 
separated 
of  every  a 
any  two  ol 
seem  to  be 

TheL 
lo  not  wai 
lit  any  lira 
xpected  t 
f  the  lak 
>asi.  i.    G 

•  See  Co 
Basin,  and  a 


loop 


1.-THE  FISHES  OF  THE  KLAMATH  BASIN. 


By  CHARLES  H.  GILBERT,  Ph.  D., 
Profe&sor  of  Zoology,  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University. 


The  Klamath  River  rises  in  the  arid  region  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains  in  sonth- 
central  Oregon.  After  expanding  to  form  the  Klamath  Lakes,  it  cuts  its  way  tlirongh 
the  mountainous  region  of  northern  Galiforriia  and  enters  the  sea  nearly  midway 
between  the  mouths  of  the  Columbia  and  Sacramento  rivers.  It  occupies,  therefore, 
an  intermediate  and  closely  contiguous  position  with  respect  to  these  two  great  river 
systems,  being  separated  from  them  in  many  places  by  narrow  watersheds  only.  It  is 
the  more  remarkable  that  its  fish  fauna  should  contain  nothing  in  common  witheitluT 
of  them,  save  such  anadromous  forms  as  the  salmon,  trout,  sturgeon,  and  Liinprey, 
which  enter  all  the  rivers  of  the  coast.  Such  characteristic  genera  as  Mylocheilus, 
Acrocheilus,  and  Columbia,  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  Mylnpliarodon,  Poponichthys, 
Orthodon,  Lavinia,  Archoplites,  and  ffysterocnrpus,  of  the  Sacramento, have  no  represen- 
tatives in  the  Klamath.  Even  the  genus  Ptychocheilus  is  unrepresented  there,  though 
present  in  both  the  Sacramento  and  the  Columbia,  wl'ore  P.  grandis  and  /'.  orerfonensis 
1  are  but  slightly  diOerent  and  are  among  the  most  abundant  and  characteristic  fishes  of 
I  their  respective  basins.  A  similar  case  is  that  of  Cottua  asper  of  the  Columbia  and 
Coitus  guloaus  of  the  Sacramento,  two  species  so  extremely  similar  that  it  is  difficult  to 
distinguish  them,  yet  without  any  close  relative  in  the  Klamath. 

The  relations  of  the  Klamath  fishes  become  at  once  apparent,  however,  when  we 
compare  them  with  those  of  the  Lahontan  and  Bonneville  basins  of  Nevada  and  Utah.* 
In  each  of  these  three  localities  the  same  genera  occur — among  them  ChnsmhtcH,  which 
is  not  found  elsewhere— and  in  many  cases  their  species  are  so  close  as  to  be  undoubt- 
edly representative.  That  the  three  areas  have  at  one  time  formed  part  of  the  same 
hydrographic  basin  can  not  be  questioned.  Nor  cijU  we  doubt  that  tliey  have  been 
separated  for  a  very  long  period — long  enough  to  permit  the  comp'cte  ditferentiation 
jof  every  species  within  each  of  them — for  no  apecios  is  now  known  to  bo  common  to 
ny  two  of  them,  if  we  exclude  the  whiteflsh  and  perhaps  the  trout,  two  forms  which 
iCem  to  bo  superior  to  any  discoverable  law  of  distribution. 

The  Lahontan  Basin  has  been  very  imperfectly  explored,  but  the  facts  now  at  hand 
[lo  not  warrant  the  assumption  that  it  has  maintained  a  connection  with  the  Khimath 
lit  any  time  since  its  final  separation  from  the  Bonneville.  Future  exploration  may  be 
expected  to  throw  light  on  this  question.  Important,  i!.lso,  will  be  a  thorough  survey 
)f  the  lakes  of  southeastern  Oregon  which  He  between  the  Lahontan  and  Klamath 
>asi.  J.    Cope's  investigation  of  these  leaves  much  to  be  desired,  and  no  facts  are  as 


'  See  Cope,  "  ()d  the  I'lHbea  of  tlio  It'ecent  and  Pliocene  Lakes  of  the  western  part  of  the  Oreat 
Basin,  and  ot  tbe  Idaho  Pliooeuo  Lake."    Pruo.  Aoud.  Nat.  Soi.  Phila.  1883,  pp.  134-167. 

I 

F  C.  U.  18K7— 1 


2  BULLETIN   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 

yet  available  from  which  we  can  draw  conclusions  as  to  their  interrelationships  and 
recent  history.  Excluding  anadromous  fishes  and  the  trout,  the  Klaraath  is  known 
to  contain  eleven  species,  of  which  eight  are  peculiar  to  this  basin,  two  (Catostomns 
snyderi  and  Butilus  bicolor)  have  been  reported  as  well  from  Goose  Lake,  its  neighbor 
on  the  east,  and  one  species  {Catostomua  oregonus)  seems  to  occur  also  in  Bogne  Bivcr, 
its  neighbor  on  the  north. 

The  collection  here  reported  on  was  made  at  Klamath  Falls,  Oregon,  in  the  inter 
ests  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission,  June  13-16, 1894,  by  the  writer,  assisted 
by  Frank  Cramer  and  Keinosuke  Otaki.  Collecting  was  carried  on  near  the  outlet  of 
the  Upper  Lake,  in  the  river  at  and  below  Klamath  Falls,  and  in  Lost  Kiver  below 
Lostiue.  A  few  specimens  were  also  secured  in  Willow  Creek,  at  Ager,  California. 
Valuable  for  comparison  have  been  a  few  fishes  collected  in  Scott  River.  Siskiyou 
County,  California,  by  Mr.  R.  C.  McGregor,  and  in  Trinity  River,  Hoopa  Valley,  Cali- 
fornia, by  Capt.  W.  E.  Dougherty. 

The  lower  part  of  Upper  Klamath  Lake  is  narrow,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  mar 
ginal  tule  belt,  which  is  overflowed  at  high  water.  The  bottom  consists  of  mud  and 
sand,  with  scattered  lava  bowlders.  Tlie  outlet  is  a  very  rapid,  turbulent  stream,  50 
to  73  feet  wide,  and  falling  about  85  feet  between  the  lake  and  the  town  of  Klamath 
Falls.  It  swirls  around  huge  lava  bowlders  and  makes  imposing  rapids.  The 
temperature  of  the  water  June  13,  at  9  a.  m.,  was  56°;  temperature  of  air,  04^.  At 
Klamath  Falls  the  river  widens  out,  covering  at  the  time  of  our  visit  extensive  bottom 
lands,  partly  in  tules,  partly  meadows.  From  this  portion  a  slough  makes  off 
toward  Lost  River,  into  which  it  carries  a  considerable  amount  of  water  during  early 
summer.  Tule  Lake  and  Lower  Klamath  Lake  are  overflow  reservoirs  from  Klamatli 
River,  and  lie  lower  than  that  stream. 

At  the  time  of  our  visit  the  lake  and  river  contained  many  dead  and  dying  fish, 
principally  Catostomoids.  Ohasmistes  stomias  seemed  to  predominate,  then  Ddtiates 
luxatus,  Chasmistea  brevirostris,  a^id  Catostomus  snyderi,  in  the  order  given.  The 
breeding  season  for  these  fish  is  said  to  be  in  March  and  April,  varying  from  year  to 
year  with  the  condition  of  the  streams.  We  saw  no  specimens  entirely  free  from 
injury.  Many  had  lost  a  portion  of  their  fins,  some  had  round  holes  in  their  sides, 
said  to  be  caused  by  lampreys;  many  had  diseased  areas  covered  by  a  fungous  growth, 
and  a  large  number  were  afflicted  by  some  disease  of  the  skin  of  the  head,  which  turned 
yellow  and  flaked  ofl",  leaving  the  skull  bare.  This  disease  often  attacked  and 
destroyed  the  eyes.  We  were  told  that  the  same  fish  in  Tule  Lake  were  never 
diseased.  A  few  large  specimens  of  Rutilus  bicolor  were  also  attacked,  but  other  fisli 
seemed  not  to  be  affected. 

LIST  OF   SPECIES. 

1.  Bntoapheu...!  trldentatus  (Oairdner). 

One  yonng  apecimen  of  this  anadroniouB  Bpecies,  26  cm.  long,  was  taken  in  Klamath.  They  art 
said  to  be  abiiiulant  in  tlie  lake,  and  to  attack  iishes,  which  are  often  seen  to  leap  out  of  the  water  to 
free  themselves.  Several  of  the  mutilated  suckers  which  were  examined  had  round  wounds  on  th>-ir 
bodies,  which  niiKht  well  have  been  produced  by  the  lamprey.  It  is  not  improbable  that  this  species 
has  become  resident  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  as  happens  with  other  anadromous  species  elsewhere. 

2.  Aoipenser  medlroatriB  Ay  res. 

A  young  specimen  of  the  green  sturgeon  is  in  the  museum  of  Stanford  University,  collected  in 
Trinity  River,  Hoopa  Valley,  California,  by  Capt.  W.  E.  Dougherty.  The  species  was  not  seen  at 
Upper  Klamath  Lake. 


'  3.  Catost 

.i  » 

\  This  F 

1  to  C.  tahoi 
\  tubercles, 
\  linear  slit 
I  Type: 

j  Valley,  H 
I  were  coUe 
I  Head 

\  rays  7;  sc 
I  before  doi 
\         Head 
\  nearly  rea 

*  tubercles; 
I  than  in  re! 

•  nearly  nii( 
;  Scales 
\  Dorsal 
\  short,  sim 
\  contained 
]  body;  lenj 
'■         Color 

'  fins  dusky 
The  to 
In  the 

:  and  forwai 
and  backM 


{  4.  Catost 


Type, 

Cramer,  ai 

Close! 

^  bead,  smal 

1  dorsal  tin, 

'        Head 

69  to  77;  a 

lietween  a 

two-thirdt 

baxe  of  cit 

small;  has 

very  fine 

couspicuoi 

in  any  rela 

fin  short. 


)D  ships  and 
til  is  known 
{Catostomns 
its  neighbor 
iogue  River, 

in  the  inter 
ter,  assiisted 
the  outlet  of 
River  below 
',  California, 
er.  Siskiyou 
V^alley,  Call- 
ed by  a  mar- 
of  mud  and 
it  stream,  50 
of  Klamath 
apids.  The 
xiv,  G43.  At 
nsive  bottom 
li  makes  oft' 
during  early 
om  Klamath 


FISHES   OF   THE    KLAMATH    BASIN.  3 

3.  CatoBtomus  rlmiooluB  Gilbert  &  Snyder,  new  speclea. 

f  Catosiomus  tahoensis  Cope,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1883,  152;  Warner  Lake. 

This  Rpecies  t'elongs  to  the  C.  catoHtomiia  type,  with  very  small  scales,  and  is  most  nearly  related 
to  C.  tahoensis.  From  the  liitter  it  differs  in  the  smaller  eye,  less  deeply  cleft  lower  lip,  blnnter  labial 
tubercles,  larger  scal«  s,  nnd  the  much  smaller  fontanelle,  which  is  reduced  in  adults  to  a  very  narrow 
liuenr  slit,  or  more  commonly  entirely  obsolete. 

Type  No.  5654,  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University  collection.  Type  locality,  Trinity  River,  Hoopa 
Valley,  Humboldt  County,  Caliiornia.  Collector,  Capt.  W.  E.  Don<rherty.  Additional  specimens 
were  collected  in  Scott  River  (Klamuth  Rasiu),  Siskiyou  County,  California,  by  R.  C.  McGregor. 

Head  4J^  in  body;  depth  5;  depth  of  caudul  peduncle  2}  in  head;  eye  7^;  dorsal  rays  11;  anal 
rays  7;  scales  in  lateral  Itue  91;  above  lateral  line  18;  from  lateral  line  to  insertion  of  ventral  13; 
before  dorsal  42.    Dorsal  11.    Anal  7.    Pectorals  17. 

Head  lis  deep  as  wide.  Both  lips  full,  the  lobe  of  lower  lip  broadly  rounded  behind,  the  cleft  not 
nearly  reaching  base  of  lip;  the  portion  between  mandible  and  apex  of  cleft  with  four  series  of 
tubercles;  tubercles  coarse  aud  bluut,  becoming  reduced  in  si/e  toward  margins  of  lipH,  but  less  so 
than  iu  related  species;  upper  lip  with  tive  rows  of  tubercles.  Eyes  very  small,  the  front  of  the  eye 
nearly  midway  of  head.    luterorbital  space  convex,  2|  in  head. 

Scales  comparatively  smooth,  gradually  growing  smaller  posteriorly. 

Dorsal  fln  inserted  midway  between  end  of  snout  and  b:sse  of  caudal;  first  ray  preceded  by  two 
short,  simple  ones;  last  ray  divided  to  base;  length  of  base  of  fin  equal  to  the  height,  which  is 
contained  6^^  times  in  the  body.  Height  of  anal  twice  the  length  of  the  base;  contained  5  times  in 
body ;  length  of  pectorals  4|  in  body ;  veutrals  6^  in  body ;  caudal  4^. 

Color  above  dusky,  the  central  parts  of  scales  lighter;  under  parts  white;  dorsal  and  caudal 
fins  dusky,  others  white. 

The  total  length  of  the  type  is  26(i  millimeters. 

In  the  following  table  the  scales  above  tho  lateral  line  were  counted  from  the  lateral  line  upward 
and  forward  to  a  point  half  way  between  the  dorsal  fin  aud  occiput ;  below  the  lateral  line,  downward 
and  backward  to  insertion  of  ventral. 


d  dying  tish, 
hen  Deltistea 
given.  The 
from  year  to 
sly  free  from 
I  their  sides, 
goas  growth, 
jvhich  turned 
ttacked  and 
were  never 
)ut  other  flsb 


Number 

of  scales 

iu  lateral 

line. 

Number 
of  scales 
above  lat- 
eral Hue. 

Kamber 
of  scales 
below  Iut 
eralllue. 

Number 

of scRles 

before 

dorsal. 

Number 

of  (lorHal 

rays. 

Number 

of  anal 

rays. 

Two  spdofmens  from  Trinity  River, 
Hoopa  Valley,  Cal.,    Capt.   W.  E. 
Dougherty,  collector. 

Four  specimens  from  Scott  River,  Sis- 
kiyou County,  Cal.,  B.  C.  McGregor, 
ooUeotor. 

{r. 

f      85 
1      84 
\      88 
[      8» 

18 
15 

18 
15 
15 
1* 

13 
12 

12 
12 
11 
11 

42 
41 

41 
42 
42 
43 

11 
'I 
11 
U 
11 
11 

7 
7 

7 

7 
7 
7 

lath.  They  art 
of  tho  water  to 
rounds  on  th-ir 
hat  this  species 
ies  elsewhere. 

ty,  collected  in 
ras  not  seen  at 


4.  CatostomuB  anyderl,  new  species. 

Catostomns  labiatus  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1856, 175;  and  of  all  recent  authors.  Not 
Catostomus  labiatus  Ayres,  Proc.  Calif.  Ac.  Nat.  Soi.  1856, 32,  from  Stockton,  California,  aud 
synonymous  with  C.  occidentalis  Ayros. 

Type,  No.  48222,  U.  S.  N.  M.  Type  locality.  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  Oregrn.  Collectors:  Gilbert, 
Cramer,  and  Otuki. 

Closely  relate<l  to  C.  oooidentalis  and  C.  maorocheilus,  differing  from  both  species  in  the  shorter 
head,  smaller  mouth  and  lips,  deeper  caudal  peduncle,  somewhat  smaller  scales,  and  in  the  shorter 
dorsal  fin,  which  is  more  anteriorly  inserted. 

Head  4^  in  length;  snout  2i%  in  head,  equaling  interorbital  width;  eye  5};  D.  11;  A.  7;  scales 
69  to  77;  above  the  lateral  line,  13  or  14;  below  the  lateral  line,  10  or  11.  Mouth  very  small,  the  width 
l)etween  angles  but  half  length  of  snout  in  our  largest  specir.ien;  greatest  width  of  lobe  of  lower  lip 
two-thirds  diameter  of  eye;  lower  lip  deeply  incised,  with  one  or  two  papillie  between  symphysis  and 
base  of  cleft:  upper  lip  niirrow,  with  five  or  six  papillie  iu  a  cross  series,  the  uppermost  becoming  very 
small;  basal  portion  of  the  lower  lip  with  coarse  tubercles,  those  toward  posterior  margin  becoming 
very  fine  and  arranged  in  evident  series  separated  by  grooves.  Mucous  canals  on  1)  il  forming 
conspicuous  raised  ridges  with  prominent  pores,  the  system  much  more  conspicuously  de  loped  than 
in  any  related  species.  Origin  of  dorsal  fin  constantly  nearer  snout  than  base  of  caiidi  the  dorsal 
fin  short,  its  base  not  exceeding  the  height  of  the  Irngest  ray,  usually  less.     In  our  specimens  the 


niir*?:^ 


4  .  h  ^^  LETIN   OF   THE    UNITED   STATES  FISH   COMMISSION. 

pectorals  reach  scarcely  two-thirdH  distance  to  ventrals  and  t.be  Tentrals  scarcely  two-thirds  distance 
to  vent.    The  anal  mny  extend  beyond  base  of  rmUuicntary  caudal  rays. 

Scales  strongly  ridged,  their  margins  creuate ;  the  anterior  scales  are  smaller,  bnt  do  not  appear 
greatly  crowded ;  the  average  number  of  tubes  in  the  lateral  line  is  about  73,  the  number  varying 
troni  69  to  77.  There  are  13  or  14  in  an  oblique  series  from  middle  of  back  downward  and  backward 
to  lateral  lino,  and  10  or  11  between  lateral  line  and  base  of  ventrals. 

Dusky,  the  lo\rer  part  of  sides  with  coarse  black  Hpecks,  the  under  parts  white.     Fins  all  dusky. 

In  the  following  table  of  measurements  the  unit  is  one  hundredth  of  the  length  from  tip  of  snout 
to  base  of  median  caudal  rays.  The  length  of  caudal  peduncle  is  taken  from  base  of  last  anal  ray  to 
the  vertical  from  base  of  median  caudal  rays : 


Measurementii. 


Totnl  lenKth  in  millimeters 

Length  or  liewl 

LentEth  of  iinont 

Diaiiieti'rofeye 

Leniit li  of  mnnilible 

Inlororbital  width 

Depth  atoociimt 

Depthof  caudal  nediincle 

Length  of  caiidnl  iml  nnvie 

Dintance  from  snout  lo  origin  of  dorsal 

Distance  ftt>m  snout  to  insertion  of  ventrsU. 

Heiwht  of  dorsal 

Bane  of  dorsal 


No.  1. 

IIs.2. 
806 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

23S 

153 

180 

23 

18 

23 

23 

11 

10 

10 

10 

4 

4 

4 

5 

«i 

7 

7 

7 

10 

o» 

9 

10 

18 

17 

17 

18 

.'4 

9 

1«» 

i 

9i 
18 

40 

49 

*^ 

49 

55 

56 

54 

|13 

1«J 
14 

17 
17 

18 
16i 

backwaid 
ventrals  t 

Color 
dusky. 

The  Ii 
to  both  of 

Belo\^ 
the  standi 


In  13  specimens  the  fully  developed  dorsal  rays  are  11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12.  All 
have  7  anal  rays.  In  11  specimens  the  oblique  rows  of  scales  above  lateral  lino  are  70, 71, 73, 73,  T>,  75, 
75,75,76,77,77. 

A  few  specimens,  none  of  them  adult,  were  taken  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  in  Lost  River.  Tlie 
species  is  named  for  my  assistant  and  coworker,  Mr.  John  O.  Snyder,  who  first  noticed  that  CatoBtomHH 
labiatus  was  a  synonym  of  C.  oecidentalii,  and  that  the  present  species  was  unnamed. 

S.  CbaBmlates  breviroatrls  Cope. 

Two  species  of  typical  Chasmitlei  inhabit  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  so  similar  in  all  their  characters 
that  it  is  difflcult  to  decide  to  which  one  the  name  hreviroilria  properly  belongs.  The  scale  and  fin 
formulie  are  the  same,  and  the  general  proportions  scarcely  dilfer.  One  of  them  has  a  larger,  deeper 
head,  with  larger,  more  obliquely  placed  mouth,  and  conspicuously  protruding  premaxillary  spines. 
To  the  other,  with  smooth  upper  profile  of  snout  and  smaller,  more  nearly  horizontal  mouth,  I  here 
apply  the  name  hredrottris,  following  Cope's  sssevtion  that  the  snout  "  is  without  the  hump  produced 
by  the  protuberant  premaxillary  spines."  In  all  other  respects  Cope's  brief  description  applies 
equally  well  to  both  species ;  bnt  the  one  described  below  as  new,  under  the  name  C.  stomiat,  is 
apparently  the  most  abundant  in  the  lake,  and  is  known  to  the  Indians  by  the  name  attributed  by 
Cope  to  C.  breviroftrii. 

One  adult  and  several  young  specimens  of  C.  6remro«(r<«  were  preserved;  others  were  seen,  but 
were  so  nintilat(;d  as  to  be  unfit  for  preservation.  From  this  adult,  a  female  37  cm.  long,  the  following 
notes  are  taken : 

Month  inclined  at  an  angle  of  about  15°.  Maxillary  reaching  a  vertical  from  slightly  behind 
front  of  nostrils,  its  length  contained  1}  times  in  snout.  Mandible  1^  iu  snout.  Lips  thin,  the  lower 
interrupted  nt  symphysis,  forming  moderate  lobes  laterall}'.  Both  lips  with  small,  inconspicuous, 
sparse  tubercles,  those  on  upper  lip  in  three  or  four  series.  In  other  specimens  these  can  not  be 
detected,  owing,  perhaps,  to  poor  state  of  preservation.  Snout  2|  or  2^  in  head.  Interorbital  width 
2|';  (2^  in  young).  Vertical  deptii  of  head  at  mandiliular  articulation  2j^  in  length  of  head.  Mucous 
canals  large,  with  very  pioniineiit  series  of  pores  on  head,  as  apparently  in  all  the  fishes  of  Klamath 
Lake.    Gillrakers  slender,  triangular,  their  free  ed^es  densely  tufted.    Fontanelle  narrow. 

Ventrals  inserted  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal.  Front  of  dorsal  slightly  nearer  tip  of  snout  than 
Itase  of  caudal.  Anal  elongate,  iu  the  adult  female  reaching  to  opposite  base  of  median  caudal  rays, 
doubtlesN  extending  further  in  adult  males.  Pectorals  not  reaching  two-thirds  distance  lo  ventrals, 
1^  ir  head.    Ventrals  extending  two-thirds  distance  to  vent. 

Scales  with  strong  concentric  strine,  the  radiating  ridges  produced  into  narrow  projecting  lobes  at 
margin.    Seventy-three  scales  in  the  course  of  the  lateral  line;  13  iu  an  oblique  series  downward  and 


Oha 

6.  Cilasm 

Type, 
Cramer,  ai 

Distin 
latter,  as 
mouth,  un( 
by  the  pro 

Month 
reacliing  v 
exceeding 
eye.  Li|iH 
specimens 
lower  edg 
niandibula 
cons])icuoi 
very  irnrro 
frontal  ere 

Ventn 
of  caudal. 


FISHES   OF    THE    KLAMATH    BASIN. 


O 


liirds  distance 

do  not  appear 
ni>>er  varying 
md  baclcward 

ins  all  diiHky. 
n  tip  of  snont 
lat  anal  ray  to 


!    baokwaid  to  lateral  line  from  in  front  of  dorsal ;  11  in  a  series  upward  and  forward  from  base  of 
1   Tontrals  to  lateral  line;  32  or  33  obliiiiie  Meries  crosHiug  back  iu  front  of  dorsal  fin. 
I  Color  dark  on  npper  portions  of  Lead  and  body,  silvery  on  belly  and  lower  part  of  sides.     Fins  uli 

I  dusky. 

Tlie  Indians  to  whom  this  fisli  was  shown  failed  to  distinguish  it  from  Caioitomiis  snijderi,  applying 
to  both  of  them  the  name  Ten. 

Below  is  a  table  of  proportionate  measurements  of  three  specimens,  the  unit  being  hundredths  of 


the  standard  length. 


Measurementa. 


Total  lenKtIi  in  mm 

L«D){th  uf  hvatl 

Length  of  iniiiiilible 

Length  of  iiiaxillary 

Depth  uf  head  at  mandibular  joint 

Interorbital  w  id th 

Depth  of  caudal  iieilnncle 

Lentith  •■fcautlnl  peduncle 

Snout  to  inaertiiin  nl  dorsal 

Snout  to  Insertion  uf  ventrals 


No.l. 

No.  2. 

Ko.3. 

370 

250 

H»5 

22 

23J 

22,  ' 

7 

8 

1             1 

5 

6 

5   1 

H 

10 

10   i 

lU 

10 

10 

»i 

0 

H 

16 

10 

17 

48 

50 

48 

68 

57 

55 

1 

12,12,12.    All 
1,73,73,75,75, 


St  River.    The    | 
hat  CatogiomuK 


leir  characters 
le  scale  and  fin 

liirger,  deeper 
xillary  8)>ine8. 

mouth,  I  here 
nmp  produced 
iption  applies 
!  C.  atomiat,  is 

attributed  by 

were  seen,  but 
,  the  following 

lightly  behind 
hin,  the  lower 
inconHpiciious, 
ise  can  not  be 
irorldtal  widtli 
ad.  MnuoHS 
ns  of  Klamath 
ow. 

[)  of  snout  than 
n  caudal  rays, 
ce  lo  ventrals, 

ecting  lobes  at 
downward  and 


OhaimiMlst  Homia*  Gilbert,  new  apeciea.    Drawn  by  A.  H.  Baldwin  from  the  typo  (No.  48223,  U.  S.  N.  U. ) 

from  Cpper  Klamath  Lake. 

6.  Cbasmiatea  atomias,  new  species.    Klamath  name,  K-ahp-tu. 

Type,  No.  48223,  U.  S.  N.  M.  Type  locality,  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  Oregon.  Collectors:  Gilbert, 
Cramer,  and  Otaki. 

Distinguished  from  all  species  of  the  genus  except  C.  breviroitria  by  the  small  scales.  From  the 
latter,  as  already  indicated,  it  ditt'ers  in  the  dee|>cr  head,  larger  mandibles,  more  steeply  inclined 
mouth,  and  by  the  prewence  of  strongly  marked  protuberances  on  the  upper  side  of  the  snout,  caused 
by  thi!  protruding  spines  of  the  premasilliiry  processeH. 

Month  inrlined  at  nu  angle  of  over  4.*)".  Maxillary  longer  than  in  C.  breviroatrii,  but  scarcely 
reaching  vertical  from  front  of  nostril,  its  length  oontaliieil  1^  times  iu  snout.  Length  of  mandible 
exceeding  that  of  snout  in  iiduits,  in  one  specimen  equaling  distance  I'roni  tip  of  snout  to  middle  of 
eye.  Li|m  thin,  the  lower  interrupted  at  symphysis,  forming  narrow  lateral  lobes.  In  none  of  our 
(specimens  can  we  detect  papillin  on  either  lip.  The  lower  lip  is  ridged  and  slightly  fringed  on  it« 
litwer  edge.  Snout  2}  to  21  in  head.  Interorbital  width  2^  to  2|.  Vertical  depth  of  head  at 
inuudibiilar  articulation  2^  in  length  of  head.  Mucouo  canals  raised  to  form  narrow  ridges,  the  pores 
conspicuous.  Gillrakers  long,  narrowly  triangular,  the  free  margins  densely  tufted.  Fontanelle 
very  narrow,  often  shoi'tened  by  a  coalescence  of  posterior  halves  of  parietals.  In  adults  a  median 
ft'ontal  crest  often  developed. 

Ventrals  inserted  under  middle  of  dorsal.  Front  of  dorsal  usnnlly  nearer  tip  of  snout  than  base 
of  caudal.    Anal  long,  the  rays  extending  beyond  baae  of  caudal  in  adult  males.     Pectorals  nearly 


6 


BULLETIN    OF    THE    UNITED   STATES    PISH    COMMISSION. 


roaching  ventrals,  the  latter  extending  to  vent  in  adnlt.  Dorsal  with  11  or  12  folly  developed  rays, 
au;il  with  7,  tbo  last  ray  in  each  divided  to  base. 

Scales  more  crowded  and  irregular  in  adults  of  this  npecies  than  in  C.  hreeiroslriB,  the  posterior 
very  conniiicuonsly  larger  than  the  anterior.  This  differeure  between  the  two  species  is  less  marked 
in  the  yonng.  The  ridges  on  the  scales  are  less  strong  in  C,  tiomias,  76  to  82  scales  are  traversed  by 
the  lateral  line;  14  or  15  scales  in  an  oblique  series  downward  and  backward  from  in  front  of  dorsal  to 
lateral  line ;  11  in  a  series  vertically  upward  from  insertion  of  ventrals  to  lateral  line ;  35  to  38  oblique 
series  before  dorsal. 

Upper  portions  of  head  and  body  blackish,  the  lower  parts  whitish  or  silvery,  the  two  colors 
separated  along  a  definite  line  traversing  sides  midway  between  lateral  line  nnd  insertion  of 
veutrals.     Mandible,  preopercle,  and  the  contiguons  part  of  cheeks  whitish.     Fins  dusky. 

Abundant  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  where  all  seen  were  spent  fish  in  a  badly  mutilated  and  dying 
condition. 

Following  is  a  table  of  measurements,  the  unit  being  hundredths  of  the  standard  length : 


Measureiuenta. 


No.  1.     N  J.  2.     No.  3, 


Total  length  in  mm B70 

LeiiKtti  of  head I      27t 

Length  of  mandible 11 

Length  of  ninxillMry 

Depth  of  head  at  in'andibular  joint 

Iut4Torbltal  width 

Depth  of  caudal  pe<1nncle 

Length  of  caudal  )icdnnnle 

Smmt  to  insertion  of  duntal 

Snont  to  insertion  of  veutrula 


8 
la 

11 
18 
48 
M 


380 

13 
9 

m 

50 
67i 


220 
25 

II 
12 
11 

8t 
17 
48 
67 


heiid.  Gill 
plain  or  nic 
developed  i 

Scales 
the  lateral 
to  lateral  1 
pores  ill  lat 
dorsal. 

Ventra! 
of  cnndal. 
snout  to  pr 
the  anterid 
one  dividet 
constantly 

Very  di 
fins  dusky  t 


7.  DeltiBtesluzatUB  (Cope). 

ChMmiate8  Jiixatiit  Cope,  American  Naturalist  1879,  784,  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  tributaries ;    1 

Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1883,  149. 
Catostomua  rex  Rosa  Smith  Eigenmann,  American  Naturalist  1891,  667,  Lost  River,  Oregon. 
Deltisies  luxalu*  Alvin  Seale,  Proc.  Cal.  Ao.  Sci.  1896,  269. 

The  "Lost  River  sucker"  is  the  most  important  food-fish  of  the  Klamath  Lake  region.  It  is 
apparently  resident  during  most  of  the  year  in  the  deeper  waters  of  Upper  Klamath  and  Tule  lakes, 
running  up  the  rivers  in  incredible  numbers  in  March  and  April,  the  height  of  the  rnn  varving  from 
year  to  year  according  to  the  condition  of  the  streams.  The  Lost  River  fish  are  the  most  highly 
prized  and  are  said  to  be  much  fatter  and  of  finer  flavor  than  those  asceud;ng  the  tributaricqof  ll]>]ier 
Klamath  Lake.  Prior  to  1894  an  attempt  had  been  made  to  preserve  the  meat  in  cans,  but  apparently 
with  poor  success.  Oil  had  also  been  extracted  from  heads  and  entrails,  said  to  be  worth  from  60  to 
85  cents  per  gallon. 

The  species  most  closely  resembles  in  appearance  Chaimistcs  feciimhta,  from  which  it  dilTers 
principally  in  the  simpler  gillrakers,  as  already  noted  by  Mr.  Seale.  It  agrees  with  C.  fevundus 
and  differs  from  other  species  of  Chatmistea  in  its  very  long,  slender  head,  its  small,  nearly  horizontal 
mouth,  and  tliicker  lips.  When  these  species  shall  have  been  thoroughly  investigated,  C.  fevtivdus 
will  iiritbably  be  separated  generically  from  Cliasmiiitea. 

At  the  time  of  our  visit  to  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  June  13  to  16,  the  run  of  suckers  was  well  over, 
and  the  only  specimens  observed  were  the  dried  heads  on  the  banks  of  Lost  River  and  some  more  or 
less  diseased  and  mutilated  individuals  floating  about  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  River.  One  youn^' 
specimen  only  could  be  preserved,  from  which  the  following  notes  are  taken: 

Head  4  in  length;  depth  4i(.    D.  12.    A.  7.    Lat.  line  78. 

Head  very  long  aud  slender,  the  snout  and  cheeks  especially  so,  the  mandibles  inclined  upward 
at  an  angle  of  about  35°.  Snout  tapering  to  a  very  slender  tip,  on  the  under  side  of  which  is  the 
very  small,  nearly  horizontal  mouth,  little  overpassed  by  the  preuiaxillaries.  Premaxillary  spiucN 
forming  a  decided  hump  on  upper  surface  of  snout  near  tip.  Maxillary  not  reaching  vertical  from 
nostril,  half  length  of  snout.  Snout  2^  in  head;  interorbital  width  2>;  diameter  of  orbit  (measured 
just  within  the  bony  rim)  5i|.  Lower  lip  thin,  but  thicker  and  wider  than  in  typical  Chaimistes,  tin 
two  lobes  widely  separated  at  symphysis,  which  is  very  narrowly  bordered ;  upper  lip  very  narrow ; 
several  series  of  minute  papillie  on  each  lip.    Very  conspicuous  mucous  canals  on  top  and  sides  of 


Li 


8. 


Leuoisc 
Tig 

Che 
Squ 

Abund 
tapering  ca 
slender  wed 
is  usually  i 
oblique,  th< 
in  head.  E 
of  them  CO 
hooks  obsol 
with  strong 
In  L.  in  term 

Scales 
mens  exami 
series  runni 
to  32  before 

The  do 
spread,  slij 
uiibrancheil 
with  8  rays, 
rays.    The  - 


veloped  rays, 

the  posterior 
8  lesH  marked 
I  traversetl  l>y 
at  of  (lurxul  to 
>  to  38  oblique 

lie  two  colors 
iusertion  of 

y- 

ted  and  dying 
iDgtb : 


FISHES   OK   THE    KLAMATH    BASIN.  7 

heiid.  Oillrakers  short,  triangnlar,  Bomewbat  wider  than  in  species  of  ChatmisteB,  their  free  margins 
iplnin  or  moderately  fringed,  not  bearing  the  dense  mass  of  short,  divided  processes  so  conspicuously 
developed  in  C.fecundut  and  to  a  less  degree  in  other  species  of  ChasmiaUa. 

Scales  with  concentric  lines  and  radiating  ridges  ver/  strongly  marked.  Seventy-eight  pores  in 
the  lateral  line;  14  scales  in  an  oblique  series  from  niediun  line  before  dorsal  downward  and  backward 
to  lateral  line;  9  scales  between  lateral  line  and  base  of  veutrals.  In  9  specimens  not  preserved  the 
pores  iu  lateral  line  were  as  follows :  Hi,  78, 78, 79, 79, 79, 79, 80, 81.  Thirty-four  series  of  scales  before 
dorsal. 

Ventrals  inserted  about  under  middle  of  dorsal.  Front  of  dorsal  slightly  nearer  anont  than  base 
of  caudal.  Last  dorsal  ray  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  first,  which  is  equal  to  distance  from 
snout  to  preopercle.  Pectorals  not  neorly  reaching  ventrals,  1  he  latter  not  reaching  vent.  Anal  high, 
the  anterior  rays  reaching  rudimentary  caudal  raya  when  deflexed.  Dorsal  with  12  rays,  the  last 
one  divided  to  base.  In  six  other  specimens  counted  the  dorsi '  rays  were  11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12.  Anal 
constantly  with  7  rays  (in  eight  speciniens),  the  last  divided  to  base. 

Very  dark  above,  silvery  on  belly  and  lower  part  of  sides.  Dorsal  and  caudal  dusky,  the  lower 
fins  dusky  on  terminal  half,  light  at  base. 


id  tribnturies ; 
>r,  Oregon, 

region.  It  is 
lid  Tule  lakes, 

varying  from 
)  most  highly 
uriettof  ll|)i>er 
int  ai)parently 
irth  from  60  to 

lich  it  differs 
tb  C.  fevuiiditu 
irly  horizontal 
d,  C.  fecundus 

was  well  over, 
.  some  more  or 
T.    One  younjj 


?lined  upward 
F  which  is  tin' 
ixillary  spines 
vertical  from 
'bit  (measureil 
Cliaiimi*te»,  the 
)  very  narrow : 
p  and  sides  of 


Leuciseut  bUolor  (Qirard).— Drawn  by  Anna  L.  Brown  from  a  specimen  from  Upper  Klamath  Lake. 


8. 


LeuoiacuB  bioolor  (Girard). 

Tigoma  bicolor  Girard,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1856,  206. 

Cheonda  cwrulea  Girard,  1.  c,  207.     Lost  River,  Oregon. 

Squaliui  caruleui  Cope,  Proo.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1883,  146.     Klamath  Lake. 

Abundant  iu  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  Lost  River.  A  large  species  with  compressed  body,  a 
tapering  caudal  peduncle,  a  small  compressed  head  tapering  to  an  acute  snout.  The  snout  is  usually 
slender  wedge-shaped,  with  straight  outlines ;  in  exceptional  cases  blunter  and  heavier.  The  mandible 
is  usually  included,  but  projects  slightly  at  tip  in  some  of  our  specimens.  The  month  is  gently 
oblique,  the  maxillary  reaching  vertical  from  front  of  orbit  or  slightly  beyond  it,  its  length  3^  to  3^ 
in  head.  Eye  5  to  5^  in  head  in  adults,  1^}  to  It  in  iuterorbitul  width.  Teeth  2,  4-5,  2  or  2,  5-5,  2,  all 
of  them  comparatively  small,  with  deeply  grooved  grinding  surface,  in  adnlt  specimens  with  the 
hooks  obsolete.  The  teeth  differ  strikingly  front  those  in  L.  1ineatu8,  iu  which  they  are  much  larger, 
with  strong  hooks  and  with  grinding  surface  oonvexly  rounded,  or  iu  older  specimens  beveled  by  use. 
In  L.  iiitenncdiua  they  are  hooked  and  channeled. 

Scales  marked  with  strong  concentric  lineH  and  radiating  ridges,  as  in  L.  lineatus.  In  seven  speci- 
mens examined,  the  scales  range  from  65  to  67  iu  the  course  uf  the  lateral  line,  14  or  15  iu  an  oblique 
series  running  downward  and  backward  from  the  median  line  before  dorsal  to  the  lateral  line,  and  30 
to  32  before  dorsal  (enumerating  the  oblique  series  whicli  cross  the  median  line).  \ 

The  dorsal  fin  is  inserted  distinctly  behind  the  ventralii  and  has  the  upper  margin  straight  when 
spread,  slightly  concave  when  closed.  There  are  usually  9  developeil  rays,  of  which  the  first  is 
uiibranched,  the  last  forked  to  base.  In  20  specimens  examined,  but  one  had  8  dorsal  rays.  Anal 
with  8  rays,  the  first  unbrauohed,  the  last  forked  to  base;  2  out  of  20  specimens  examined  have  9  anal 
rays.    The  pectorals  do  not  nearly  reach  the  ventrals,  the  veutrals  usually  not  to  veut. 


8  BULLETIN    OP   THE    UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 

Color  (Insky  above,  silvery  below,  tlie  middle  and  lower  part  of  (idea  darkened  by  nnmerout 
coarso,  black  npecks,  wliicU  are  alao  unmiTons  on  oporcles  and  upper  po.'tion  of  clieeki.  DorHal  and 
caudal  dusky.  Basal  portion  of  anterior  anal  rays  nii<l  inner  face  of  pectorals  dusky,  the  inner  fuie 
of  vcntrals  sometimes  niiuntcly  black-punctate  in  adults.  The  sharp  division  of  color  between  iipiier 
and  lower  parts,  which  suggested  the  name  hicotor,  is  usually  not  vi-ry  evident. 

Tbo  following  table  gives  proportionate  measurements  in  hundredths  of  the  length  from  ti})  nf 
snout  to  base  of  caudal,  in  four  specimens  from  Klamath  Lake : 


MeaaiirHmenta. 


Total  IcDCtli  in  milUmeterR 

I.eni: til  n¥  liea<l 

Length  of  rtnont 

Diameter  (if  «\ve 

Inturorbitul « idtli 

Lenpth  of  mnxillary 

Greatest  depth 

LPBRt  depth  <il' riiiuli.i  peiliiuele.. 

L<ent:th  or  cnntlnl  pei'.iini  In 

Dlntnnce  snout  tu  'Voiit  of  tlorxal. 

Snout  to  venlrtli' 

ISnseof  dor»al 

Base  of  anal 

Height  of  auiil 

Ueiphtof  <lor»iil 

l.encth  of  pei-loral 

Length  of  ventrni 

Length  of  caudal 


No.  I. 


2:^ 

27 

8 

B 

0 

8 

27 

10 

23 

U 

SI 

12 

10 

15 

10 

18 

15 

23 


No.  2. 

No.  3. 

No.  4. 

175 

120 

02 

26 

20 

24 

7 

7 

6 

5 

6 

6 

8 

8 

8 

8 

7 

7 

27 

26 

23 

10 

11 

D 

23 

23 

23 

64 

50 

52 

DO 

48 

50 

13 

13 

13 

9 

11 

"  1 

U 

10 

16  1 

18 

10 

19  1 

17 

20 

18  : 

15 

1)1 

IS 

22 

25 

BtUiluM  bieolor  (Girard) — Drawn  by  Anna  L.  Drown  from  a  specimen  from  ITpper  Klamath  Laka. 


9.  RutiluB  bieolor  (Girard). 

Alganaea  hicolor  Girard,  Proc.  Ao.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1856, 183.     Klamath  Lake. 

Mylolmcus  parovauus  Cope,  Proc.  Ae.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  1893, 143.     Klamath  and  Goose  lakes. 

MyloUttcuB  tlialasainut  Cope,  I.  c,  144.     Goo.se  Lake. 

f  Myloleucut  formoaua  Cope,  1.  c,  144.     Silver,  Chewaucan,  and  Warner  lakes.    Not  Alganaea 

formota  Girard. 
f  Leucot  bieolor  Jordan  &,  Henshaw,  Report  Chief  of  Engineers,  Oeogr.  Surv.  W.  100th  Mer.,  1!>3, 
1878.    Warner  Lake. 
This  species  is  very  similar  in  appearance  to  II.  ohetut  from  the  Truckee  and  Humboldt  rivers  mid 
their  connecting  lakes,  ditfering  only  in  the  larger  scales  and  the  additional  ray  iu  the  dorsal  fin.    'i'bc 
body  is  robust,  the  mouth  oirK|ao,  the  snuut  not  obtuse.    The  maxillary  readies  the  vertical  fr^ mi 
front  of  eye  in  adults  and  is  shorter  in  the  young.    Snout  3}  to  4  in  bead;  eye  5}  iit  adults;  intci<ir- 
bital  width  2}  to  3^.    Head  3^  to  3}  iu  length ;  depth  3 j  to  4.    Teeth  4-5,  the  cutting  edge  broad  and 
deeply  channeled  in  young  and  adults,  the  hook  largely  obsolete  iu  the  latter. 

Scales  marked  with  strong  concentric  lines  and  radiating  ridges.     In  lifteen  specimens  examiui'd, 
there  were  47  to  52  pores  in  the  lateral  line,  10  or  1 1  Mcalcs  in  an  obli<iue  series  rnnniug  tVom  median  line 


by  nnmerona 

Dorfinl  anil 

the  inner  face 

)etwcon  uiitier 

tb  from  tii>  of 


Lak4. 


roose  lukes. 


Not  Alganiiea 

100th  Met.,  li'S, 

joUlt  rivers  niid 
lursitl  flu.  1  bo 
le  vertical  fi mi 
luliiltti;  intcxir 
adge  broad  uud 

meusexatniiii'd, 
roni  median  line 


FISHES   OF   THE    KLAMATH    BASIN. 


9 


before  dorf<al  obliquely  downward  and  backward  to  lateral  line,  and  5  or  6  between  baao  of  ventrals 
Slid  lulerui  line.  One  Hpuciuieu  hiiB  the  formiiliv  12-56-7,  but  is  entirely  cxcept.iuuul.  Tt-u  specimens 
examined  have  20  to  23  oltlique  series  crossing  median  line  in  front  of  dorsal  tin.  The  front  of  dorsal 
jg  Hlightly  behind  insvrtinn  of  ventrals  in  ndnlts,  burdly  noticeably  so  in  yonng,  always  iiuaier  base 
of  cundal  than  tip  of  snont.     Both  dorsal  and  anul  have  Ktrai^tht  margins  when  the  Cms  arc  H',ircad. 

The  following  tible  records  the  tin  rays  in  2.5  specimens.    The  sinj^le  specimen  noted  with  10 
vvutrul  rays  bad  9  rays  in  the  ventral  of  the  other  side. 


Flni. 

No.  of     1    No.  of 
«p«cinieos.      rays. 

Dorsal 

4                     >* 

Anal    

19 

2 

1 

24 

2 

2" 

■i 
i(i 
7 
8 
8 
0 
10 

Ventral 

The  pectorals  fall  fur  short  of  the  ventrals,  and  the  ventral    reuc^ii  to  or  nearly  to  the  vent. 

As  in  other  related  species,  the  color  is  dark  8teel-<:r;iy  above  with  greenish  luster,  growing 
li};hter  on  lower  half  of  sides.  Belly  white.  Lower  half  of  sides  coarsely  specked  with  '«''uk.  Fins 
all  dusky.    No  dark  Btri))e  along  aides  of  bead,  or  body,  and  no  orange  on  head  or  in  axil  of  tins. 

The  following  table  gives  proportionate  nieasnrenu'nts  of  parts  in  four  specimens  from  Upper 
Klamath  Lake,  the  unit  of  measurement  being  hundredths  of  the  standard  length  from  tip  of  snout 
to  base  of  caudal : 


Measnrementa. 


No.  1. 


Total  length  in  milUmetera 

Liiiiiith  of  liniid 

Li-nglli  of  xnont 

Uiniiitttttr  iif  «,ve 

liihirorliilal  wtilth 

L(Mi;:thof  maxillary 

L'lupt  li  of  bo<ly 

Itupth  of  caudal  peduncle 

I,eiigthof  caudal  iiediincle 

Distance,  Rnout  to  fnint  of  dorenl . . 
UiHtance,  8iiout  to  front  of  veutralH 

Length  of  lia8e  of  dorsHl 

[.ength  of  liane  of  anal 

Heiglit  of  dorsal 

Hxifsht  of  annl 

Lenglli  of  jiectorals 

Length  of  ventrals 


200 
3U 

B 

20 

S:i 

^^» 

19 

16i 

18 

17 


No.  2.  ,  No.  3.     No.  4. 


155 

130 

27 

27i 

8 

7i 

5i 

a 

10 

9 

n 

•7 

:g 

27 

12 

11 

21 

21 

531 

53 

52 

52 

1 

13 

n 

10 

13 

16 

17 
16 


17» 
151 


100 
26 

?» 

?i 

25 

114 

21 

'»» 

194 
14 
18 
16 


Nnmerons  specimens  were  collected  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  in  Lost  River,  where  it  is  the 
most  abundant  species.  Others  have  been  examined  from  Scott  River,  Siskiyou  County,  California 
(tributary  to  the  Klamath  River),  collected  by  Mr.  R.  C.  McGregor.  It  seems  very  improbable  that 
thin  species  should  be  identical  with  It.  parovanug  Cope,  from  the  Utah  Basin,  a  species  which  has  not 
a|i|)eared  in  any  recent  collection.  The  rcpres'-ntatives  of  this  Great  Basin  type  of  liutilut  are  so  very 
Niniilar  that  the  status  of  li.  paroraniis  can  no.  be  dcterniiiied  from  cnrrent  descriptions.  Material 
from  the  other  lakes  in  southern  Oregon  must  also  be  carefully  c<mipared  with  the  Klamath  form. 
/•'.  thalannimig  from  Goose  Lake  seems  to  agree  in  all  the  devils  nssi<;ned,  but. other  specimens  from 
Silver,  Chewauoan,  anil  Warner  lakes,  identified  by  Cope  with  Uutilus  formoaua  (Girard),  have  smaller 
scales  below  the  lateral  line  than  we  have  found  in  any  specimen  of  R.  hicolor. 

10.  Agosia  klamatbensis  Evermann  &  Meek. 

Agoaia  klamathensit  Evermuna  &  Meek,  Bull.  U.  S.  Fish  Comm.  1897.  Pelican  Bay,  Upper 
Klamath  Lake. 
The  Agosia  of  the  Klamath  Basin  has  its  closest  allies  in  A.yarrowi  and  A  coueail  of  the  Upper 
Colorado  River.  These  seem  to  have  the  fins  strongly  falcate,  at  least  in  adults,  while  the  Klamath 
form  bus  tiie  outlines  of  dorsal,  anal,  and  caud<«l  lobes  broadly  r(Uindod,  even  in  adult  breeding  males. 
Tlie  dorsal  >iUo  averages  farther  forward  in  the  Klamath  species,  being  usually  located  midway 
betweou  base  of  median  caudal  rays  and  m'  Idle  of  snout. 


10 


BULLETIN   OF   THE    UNITED    STATES   FISH   COMMISSION. 


The  bend  is  3.9  to  4.2  in  length.  The  barbels  are  conspicuous  and  constantly  present.  The  max- 
illary reaches  Te'.'tical  from  middle  of  nostril.  The  mouth  is  Mttle  or  not  at  nil  overlapped  by  the 
snout.  lu  adult  males  the  paired  flus  are  very  long,  the  pectorals  strongly  overluppin;;  the  ventruls, 
the.  ventrals  reaching  to  or  beyond  front  of  anal.  In  females  of  the  sanio  size,  these  fins  fail  to  meet. 
In  fourteen  specimens  examined  the  scales  along  lateral  line  are  70,  71,  71,  72,  72,  72,  73,  73,  74,  74,  74, 
76,  77,  77.    The  Hpecies  seems  to  differ  from  A,  nubila  carringtoni  only  in  the  smaller  scales. 

Numerous  specimens  were  Hccurcd  in  Willow  Creek,  at  Ager,  California,  and  in  Lost  River.  One 
specimen  was  taken  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake. 

11.  Salmo  gairdneri  Richardson. 

Very  abundant  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake  and  River;  but  few  specimens  obtained  by  us.  These  I 
am  unable  to  distinguish  from  typical  S.  gairdneri,  the  larger  specimens  with  the  charaoteristic  appear- 
ance of  sea-run  or  landlocked  fish,  i.  e.,  with  few  small  spots  and  a  truncate  tail.  Young  specimens 
are  also  more  silvery  and  with  fewer  spots  than  are  found  in  S.  gairdneri  from  coastwise  streams. 
There  is  no  patch  of  fine  teeth  at  the  base  of  the  hyoid,  nor  any  red  dashes  under  the  mandible.  In 
five  specimens  examined,  the  scales  are  134, 13.5,  136,  143, 146.  As  the  California  Fish  Commission  has 
operated  on  the  Klamath  River,  it  is  not  improbable  that  one  or  more  species  of  trout  have  been 
planted  there. 

12.  SalvelinuB  malma  (Walbaum). 

Reported  by  Cope  from  Williamson  Kiver;  not  seen  by  us. 


OoUu*  klamathtnti*  Gilbert,  new  si)«cies.    Drawn  by  Anna  L,  Brown  from  the  typo  (No.  48228,  IT.  S.  W.  H.) 

from  Upper  Klamath  Lake. 


13 


(C 


CottUB  klamathensis,  new  species. 

Cranideaminiila  Cope,  I'roc.  Ac.  Nat.  Scl.  Philiv.  1883,  152  (Klamath  Lake);  not  of  Pallas. 
Type,  No.  48220,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. ;  Upper  Klamath  Lake  near  Klamath  Falls,  Oregon,  Juno  12, 18HI. 
H.  Gilbert,  Frank  Cramer,  and  K.  Otuki,  collectors.) 
A  large,  strongly  marked  species,  very  abundant  in  Upper  Klamath  Lake.  It  is  characterized  by 
its  short,  spinous  dorsal,  broadly  Joined  to  the  long,  soft  dorsal,  the  uiibranched  pectoral  rays,  tlic 
very  incomplete  lateral  lino,  the  weak  development  of  prickles,  the  lack  of  palatine  teeth,  and  tliu 
distinctive  coloration.    It  is  mo-st  nearly  related  to  C.  perplexui. 

Head  2,'„  to  3,'„  in  length ;  depth  3,",,  to  4i.  D.  vii,  lit;  A.  14 ;  P,  15;  V.  i,  4. 
Body  heavy  and  deep,  the  head  narrowed  and  wedge-shaped  anteriorly,  the  snout  rather  acute, 
and  the  nu)uth  with  much  lateral  cleft.  Maxillary  broadly  exposed,  its  tip  reaching  vertical  Inin 
behind  front  of  pupil,  its  length  2ior2J  in  head.  Broad  bauds  of  teeth  on  Jaws  au''  vomer;  palatines 
toothless.  Anterior  nostril  with  a  distinct  ti'be.  Eye  of  moderate  size,  Ij  in  snout,  4}  to  5  in  he.nl. 
luterorbitiw  space  and  occiput  gently  concave  in  adults,  the  total  iuterorbital  width  li  to  U  in  orlit. 
the  bony  Heptnm  narrower. 

Upper  i)rooperi  uhir  spine  robust,  straight,  directed  backward,  or  backward  and  slightly  upwniil. 
Below  this  tliu  marglu  of  tiie  bone  is  without  evident  spines,  but  bears  one  or  two  slight  promiiiem  ih, 
which  may  be  rounded  or  ai  ute.  Anterior  angle  of  subopercle  with  a  short  spine  directed  forwiiiit; 
operde  ending  in  a  shori,  fiat  spine.     Head  with  largo  pores;  two  pairs  above  front  of  orbit,  thi)B(< 


of  the  p( 
iuterorb 
Th« 
ray.  TL 
slightly] 
I'ectorah 
Hometimt 
rays;  raj 


Skin 
under  the 
or  quite  n 
i)f  soft  doi 
I'ullows  thi 
falls,  and 
tributary  < 

fifth  of  sot 
Color 

bolow  into 

biotchee. 

Ii:,'ht  ones. 

checkered, 


Cott 


14. 


CottUB 

lype, 

rank  Criiu 
Charuc 
liirsiil  very 
'111'  very  lar 
priopercula 
Head  3 
I'.  10;  V.  I, 
Head  s 
e'lnctulattti. 


FISHES   OF   THE    KLAMATH    BASIN. 


11 


The  max- 
led  by  the 
e  ventrals, 
il  to  meet. 
,  74,  74,  74, 

tlver.    One 


19.  These  I 
stio  appear- 
r  specimens 
ise  streams, 
imlible.  In 
imission  has 
t  have  been 


of  the  posterior  pair  nearest  together;  distant  from  these  a  single  median  pore  on  posterior  portion  of 
iuterorbital  space,  from  which  diverge  two  lines  of  pores  around  the  buck  of  the  orbits. 

The  spinous  dorsal  is  short  and  low,  the  longest  spine  usually  less  than  two- thirds  the  longest  soft 
ray.  The  two  fins  are  very  broadly  joined.  Distance  from  base  of  last  dorsal  ray  to  base  of  caudal 
slightly  less  than  depth  of  caudal  peduncle.  Caudal  short  and  broadly  rounded,  its  length  li|  in  head. 
Peutonds  very  short,  usually  not  reaching  vertical  from  front  of,  anal,  1|  in  head.  Ventrals  large, 
sometimes  reaching  vent,  but  nsually  shorter,  1}  in  head.  Caudal  with  9  (sometimes  8  or  lU)  forked 
rays;  rays  of  other  fins,  including  all  pectoral  rays,  simple,  unbranched. 


S.N.M.) 

of  Pallas. 
Junol2,l«in. 

aracterized  l>.v 
toral  rays,  tin" 
teeth,  and  the 

b  rather  acuU', 
5  vertii-al  Ikmi 
incr;  pulatiiun 
11  to  5  in  hcinl. 
to  Ui"  «>'''*• 

i«htlynpwiiiii. 

it  prominent  I'Ci 

ected  forw^ivil; 

of  orbit,  those 


Locality. 

No.  of 
apec- 
iiuens. 

Spinous  dursal. 

Soft  dorsal. 

Anal. 

Pectoral. 

VII. 

vin. 

18. 

10. 

211. 

2 
... . 

13. 

.... 
2 

14. 

la 
3 

4 

15. 
5 

14. 

15. 

Klamath  Lake 

21 
4 

7 

1 

IB 
3 
7 
1 

2 

1 

1 

"'si' 

X8 
4 
3 
1 

3 

1R 

4 

Litat  River 

1 

3 

5 

Hcott  River 

Skin  mostly  naked,  the  yonng  with  a  narrowly  oblong  patch  of  prickles  below  the  lateral  line  and 
under  the  posterior  half  of  pectorals.  These  become  gradually  absorbed  with  age,  adults  being  nearly 
or  quite  naked.  Lateral  line  very  incomplete,  the  last  pore  under  some  portion  of  the  anterior  half 
of  soft  dorsal  in  nil  our  specimens  from  the  lake.  From  the  last  pore  a  shallow  open  groove  or  trace 
follows  the  course  of  obsolete  portion  of  the  canal.  In  four  specimens  from  Klamath  River  below  the 
fulls,  and  in  one  collected  by  Mr.  R.  C.  McGregor  in  Scott  River,  Si.skiyou  County,  California  (a 
tribtitary  of  Klamai^u  .^iver),  the  lateral  line  is  much  more  nearly  complete,  ending  under  the  last 
tit'th  of  soft  dorsal. 

Color  brownish-olive,  with  four  or  five  indistinct  dark  bars  down'.'nrd  from  back,  breaking  np 
below  into  narrow  bars  which  may  unite  to  form  V-shaped  markings,  or  often  into  mere  irregulai 
blotchee.  A  narrow  bar  at  base  of  tail.  Caudal  with  broad  dark  bars  alternating  with  much  narrowei 
liijht  ones.  Dorsal  and  anal  with  somewhat  narrower  oblique  bars.  Pectorals  very  conspicuously 
checkered,  the  dark  and  light  spots  on  the  rays  arranged  in  vertical  series. 


Voltua  evrrmanni  Gill)ert,  iiuiv  s|>ec'ii!H.    Drawn  by  Cliloii  Lesley  from  the  type  (No.  48228.  U.  S.  N.  il.) 

fruiii  L(Mt  Klver,  Oregon. 

14.  CottuB  evermanui,  iv^w  species. 

Type,  No.  48i'.'8,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mns.    Typo  locality,  Lost  River  near  Lostine,  Oregon.     (C.  H.  Gilbert, 
funk  Cramer,  K.  Otaki,  collectors.) 

ChuractiTi/cd  by  the  long  sleinler  body  entirely  covered  with  coarse  prickles,  the  short  spinous 
linrsul  very  broadly  ULitod  to  the  very  long  soft  dorsal,  the  hnig  anal  fin,  the  incomplete  lateral  line, 
'  very  largo  pores  on  head,  the  branched  pectoral  rays,  and  the  absence  of  any  distinctly  proji'cting 
lircopercular  spine. 

Head  3|  in  length;  depth  5;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2}  in  greatest  depth.     D.  vii,  21;  A,  18; 
16;  V.  I,  4. 
Head  small,  depressed,  narrowing  rapidly  for"  ard,  the  snout  more  acutely  rounded  than  in  C. 
punctulatuB,    Mouth  with  distinct   lateral  deft,  the  maxillary  reaching  a  vertical  immediately  in 


12 


BULLETIN   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES    FISH    COMMISSION. 


advance  of  pnpil,  2i  in  head.  Mandible  slightly  protruding.  Teeth  in  narrow  bands  on  jaws,  vomer 
iind  palatines,  the  latter  very  weak,  apparently  concealed  in  part  beneath  the  skin.  Total  interorbit.il 
width  about  twu-thirds  diameter  of  eye,  shulluwly  concave.  Occipital  area  flat  or  gently  convex.  E.vu 
small,  t^  iu  snout,  5  iu  bead.  Pores  on  head  unusually  large,  the  most  conspicuous  occurring  on 
suborbital  ring,  along  mandible  and  preopercle,  utad  in  a  horizontal  line  above  opurele.  'Ihreo  pores 
form  a  straight  transverse  line  behind  the  orbits.  A  short  nasal  tube.  The  upper  preopercular  spine 
is  represented  by  a  short  triangular  process,  the  margin  of  the  bone  below  it  being  smoothly  roniideil- 

Spinous  dorsal  short  aud  comparatively  very  high,  the  longest  spine  slightly  more  than  three- 
fourths  the  longest  soft  ray.  The  last  spine  is  higher  than  the  first  and  about  four-fifths  the  longest, 
the  least  height  of  the  membrane  joining  last  sp.ne  to  first  soft  my  exceeding  length  of  snout.  Longest 
ray  of  soft  dorsal  slightly  more  than  half  head.  All  the  rays  of  dorsal  and  anal  fins  simple,  nnbrancheil. 
Caudal  long  and  narrow,  nr-,arly  truncate  when  spread,  six-sevenths  length  of  head.  Nine  caudal  rn.vs 
lire  branched  at  tip  for  about  one-fifth  length  of  rays.  The  pectoral  reaches  the  vertical  from  fourth 
ray  of  soft  dorsal.  The  upper  ray  is  simple,  the  next  six  or  seven  forked,  the  remaining  rays  being 
simple,  thickened,  with  incised  membranes.  Ventrals  with  1  spine  and  4  rays,  not  reaching  vent,  1} 
iu  head. 

Lateral  line  conspicuous  anteriorly,  running  high,  interrupted  under  eleventh  or  twelfth  ray  of 
soft  dorsal,  a  mere  trace  visible  thence  to  base  of  caudal.  Sides  of  body  thickly  covered  with  coarse 
prickles,  the  head,  breast,  bully,  and  a  narrow  strip  along  base  of  anal  fin  naked. 

Color  light  brownish,  faintly  vermiculated  with  darker,  with  traces  of  five  irregular  cross-bars 
from  back,  and  a  narrow  distinct  bar  at  base  of  caudal.    Pectorals,  dorsal,  and  caudal  cross- barred. 

One  specimen,  59  mm.  long,  from  Lost-River,  near  Klamath  Falls,  Oregon. 

Named  for  Dr.  Barton  W.  Evermann,  the  energetic  investigator  of  American  fresh-water  fishes. 


Cotlui  princept  Gilbert,  new  species.    Drawn  by  Anna  L.  Brown  from  the  type  (No,  48227,  U.  S.  K.  M.)  from  Upper 

Klamath  Lake. 
15.  CottuB  princepa,  new  species. 

Type,  No.  48227,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.  Type  locality.  Upper  Klamath  Lake,  Oregon.  (Gilbert,  Cramer, 
and  Otaki,  collectors.) 

Head  ^  to  3^  iu  length ;  depth  5  to  5*.     D.  vi  or  vn,  21  to  23.    A.  16  to  18.     V.  i,  4.     P.  15. 

Aslendcr  form  with  small  narrow  head,  which  is  nearly  quadrate  iu  cross-section,  the  opercies  and 
cheeks  being  subvertical,  the  greatest  width  of  head  but  one  fifth  or  one-sixth  more  than  its  depth  ai 
occiput.  Mouth  small,  obli(|uo,  the  gape  slightly  eurved,  the  maxillary  reaching  n  vertical  crossing 
eye  in  front  of  pupil,  2^  to  3  in  head.     Eye  0(|ualing  snout,  4^  iu  heail. 

Teeth  small,  uniform,  in  narrow  bunds  in  the  jaws.  Vomer  with  a  narrow  patch;  palatine 
smooth.  Eye  small,  separated  by  a  narrow,  flat  iuterspace,  as  wide  ns  pupil.  Margin  of  preopercle 
evenly  rounded,  without  developed  spine,  a  minute  spinous  point  sometimes  occupying  the  positmii 
of  the  upper  preopercular  spine.  Opcrelo  without  spine.  Tubes  aud  pores  of  head  extraordinai  il.v 
developed,  A  series  of  six  very  largo  pores  across  cheeks  and  on  lower  edge  of  preorbital.  A  lar^c 
median  pore  at  symphysis,  and  a  series  of  seven  occupying  each  ramus  and  extending  onto  edge  ol 
preopercle.  Similar,  somewhat  smaller,  pores  form  the  supraorbital  series.  Branohiustegals  (i.  (.liH 
membranes  broadly  united  to  the  isthmus,  without  free  fold.     No  pore  behind  lust  gill. 

Dorsal  and  aniil  fins  very  long  and  low,  the  dorsal  spines  very  slender,  the  iiot<h  shallow  between 
spinous  and  soft  portions.     Pectorals  ruaithiiig  beyond  front  of  anal;  ventrals  usually  to  vent. 

About  two-thirds  of  our  specimens  have  the  back  and  sides  completely  invested  with  minute 
close  set  prickles,  the  head  and  belly  and  a  narrow  area  along  biiae  of  anal  naked.  The  caiulul 
peduncle  ia  also  naked  in  varying  degree.     In  the  remaining  third  (possibly  males)  the  body  is 


D  jaws,  vomi'.r 
al  iaterorbital 
convex.  Eve 
occurring  on 
'ILreo  pore^ 
percular  spine 
>tbly  roniideit- 
'e  than  three- 
is  the  longest, 
lout.  Longest 
B,  nnbrancheil. 
ue  candal  rnys 
al  from  fourth 
ng  rays  being 
kcbing  vent,  1} 

twelfth  ray  of 
ed  with  course 

iilar  cross-bars 
'TOSS- barred, 

water  fishes. 


FISHES   OF   THE    KLAMATH    BASIN. 


,)  from  Upper 


ilbert,  Cramtr, 

P.  16. 
iie  opercles  nnd 
nn  its  depth  ai 
3rtical  crosHin;: 

latch;  pnlntino 
n  of  preopercle 
ig  the  position 
extraordinaiil.v 
'bitnL  A  lar^r 
ig  ont<»  edge  ol 
stogalsO.    liill 

iiillow  betwnn 
to  vent, 
id  with  minute 
1.     The  caiKlal 
i)  Ihe  body  is 


13 


imooth  except  for  a  postaxial  band  of  prickles,  and  in  one  specimen  these  are  absent,  leaving  the  body 
entirely  naked.  Lateral  line  variously  incomplete,  interrupted  at  some  point  under  posterior  half  of 
second  dorsal. 

Color  light  olive  with  darker  markings,  which  may  on  the  head  take  the  form  of  vermiculating 
lines.  Seven  quadrate  dark  blotches  along  base  of  dorsal  Sii,  i,ue  first  and  third  usually  narrower 
tbiin  the  others,  an  eighth  on  back  of  caudal  peduncle.  Very  distinctly  marked  individuals  show  a 
series  of  blotches  along  middle  of  sides,  which  may  be  connected  with  tlie  dorsal  series  by  broad,  dusky 
bars.    Dorsal,  caudal,  and  pectoral  with  faint  bars.    Veutrals  and  anal  unmarked. 

I  subjoin  table  of  fin  rays  in  12  specimens. 


Fins. 


Dorsal  spines. 
Dorsal  rays... 


No.  of 
specimens. 


Anal  rays 

Pectoral  rays . 


3 

VI 

g 

VII 

7 

21 

4 

22 

1 

23 

a 

16 

7 

17 

3 

18 

1 

14 

11 

15 

Spines 
or  rays. 


Numerons  specimens  were  obtained  in  shallow  water  along  the  shore  of  Klamath  Lake,  on  a 
bottom  of  tine  sediiiu-nt  and  vegetable  di^bris. 

This  differs  widely  from  any  other  spei  ies  of  Cotliis  in  the  very  narrow,  slender  form,  the  long 
fins,  and  especially  In  the  extreme  development  of  the  mucous  tubes  and  pores. 


